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Visual illusions influence proceduralized sports performance.

Mahé Arexis1,2, François Maquestiaux3,4,5

  • 1Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive and Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Ledoux, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France. mahe.arexis@univ-fcomte.fr.

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Visual illusions like the Ebbinghaus illusion impact sports performance, especially for actions relying on procedural knowledge. This study confirms that proceduralized movements are more susceptible to visual distortions than declarative ones.

Keywords:
Declarative knowledgeEbbinghaus visual illusionGolf puttingProcedural knowledgeSports performance

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Visual illusions can distort perception.
  • Their impact on sports performance is debated.
  • The role of knowledge type (procedural vs. declarative) is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if the Ebbinghaus illusion affects golf putting performance.
  • To test the "knowledge hypothesis" linking procedural knowledge to greater illusion susceptibility.
  • To reconcile conflicting findings on visual illusions in sports.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments used motor learning techniques and practice variations to manipulate reliance on procedural versus declarative knowledge in novice golfers.
  • The Ebbinghaus illusion was induced by altering the perceived size of golf holes.
  • Putting performance was measured under these conditions.

Main Results:

  • The Ebbinghaus illusion significantly influenced golf putting performance in both experiments.
  • Participants relying more on procedural knowledge showed a moderate influence from the illusion.
  • Participants relying more on declarative knowledge showed minimal influence.

Conclusions:

  • Visual illusions reliably affect sports performance, particularly for proceduralized actions.
  • The "knowledge hypothesis" provides a framework for understanding how different knowledge types mediate illusion effects.
  • This research clarifies the impact of visual perception on motor skills in sports.