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The Malay version of the attitudes and beliefs about cardiovascular disease (ABCD-M) risk questionnaire: a
Zarudin Mat Said1, Tengku Alina Tengku Ismail2, Anees Abdul Hamid3
1Disease Control Unit, Hilir Perak District Health Office, Jalan Maharajalela, 36000, Teluk Intan, Perak, Malaysia.
Insights
The Malay version of the Attitudes and Beliefs about Cardiovascular Disease (ABCD) risk questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool. This tool assesses awareness of stroke and cardiovascular disease risk in Malaysia
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Health Psychology
- Medical Sociology
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke pose significant global health challenges, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
- Public awareness and knowledge are crucial for managing population-level CVD and stroke risk.
- The Attitudes and Beliefs about Cardiovascular Disease (ABCD) risk questionnaire was developed to gauge awareness of these risks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To translate the ABCD risk questionnaire into the Malay language.
- To validate the psychometric properties of the Malay version of the ABCD questionnaire.
- To assess the awareness of stroke and CVD risk in the general Malaysian population.
Main Methods:
- Standard forward-backwards translation methodology was employed.
- Validation involved expert panels and a user group, followed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).
- Internal consistency and reliability were assessed using Cronbach's alpha and Raykov's rho on 179 respondents.
Main Results:
- Content and face validity indices were high (0.94 and 0.99, respectively).
- Internal consistency and composite reliability for the domains were good (0.643–0.885).
- Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good model fit, with acceptable factor loadings.
Conclusions:
- The Malay version of the ABCD risk questionnaire demonstrates strong validity and reliability.
- This validated tool can effectively assess stroke and CVD risk awareness in Malaysia's general population.
- The findings support the use of this questionnaire for public health initiatives and risk management programs.
Background:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke are global public health problems and cause high mortality, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Knowledge and awareness are critical points in managing the risk in the general population. The Attitudes and Beliefs about Cardiovascular Disease (ABCD) risk questionnaire was developed to evaluate the awareness of stroke and CVD risk. Thus, the government can set up a practical risk assessment and management programme. The initiative will encourage people to seek healthcare timely and reduce the possibilities of developing complications.
Objective:
This study aimed to translate and validate the ABCD risk questionnaire into the Malay language and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Malay version in the general population in Malaysia.
Methods:
The questionnaire was translated using a standard forward-backwards translation method. The validation was perfomed by both expert panels and a potential user group. Next, the exploratory factor analysis was conducted to examine factorial validity. The respondents were selected from the government health clinics and according to the study criteria irrespective of the CVD risk. We used Cronbach's alpha and Raykov's rho to explore the internal consistency and composite reliability of the 18 items from three domains. Finally, the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted using a robust maximum likelihood estimator.
Results:
The content and face validity indices were determined to be 0.94 and 0.99 respectively. Data were obtained from 179 respondents (mean age, 36.8 years; female, 68.2%; secondary level education, 51.1%). The internal consistency and composite reliability of the domains showed good results ranging from 0.643 to 0.885. The factor loadings of each item were acceptable (> 0.3), and the fit indices from the CFA resulted in a good model fit [χ2 (p-value = 0.16), SRMR = 0.054, RMSEA = 0.029, CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99)].
Conclusions:
The Malay version of the ABCD risk questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool to assess the awareness of stroke and CVD risk in the general population in Malaysia.
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