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Difference-frequency generation in optically poled silicon nitride waveguides.

Ezgi Sahin1, Boris Zabelich1, Ozan Yakar1

  • 1Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Photonic Systems Laboratory, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.

Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)
|July 26, 2022
PubMed
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Difference-frequency generation (DFG) is now achievable in silicon nitride waveguides using all-optical poling. This breakthrough enables new integrated light sources for mid-infrared applications.

Area of Science:

  • Integrated photonics
  • Nonlinear optics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Difference-frequency generation (DFG) is crucial for generating coherent light, especially in the mid-infrared.
  • Second-order nonlinear processes like DFG require a second-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ(2)), absent in centrosymmetric materials like silicon.
  • All-optical poling can induce an effective χ(2) in such materials, enabling nonlinear frequency conversion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate DFG in all-optically poled stoichiometric silicon nitride (Si3N4) waveguides.
  • To overcome previous limitations preventing DFG in these platforms.
  • To develop novel integrated light sources for the mid-infrared spectrum.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing all-optical poling to create an effective second-order nonlinearity in Si3N4 waveguides.
Keywords:
all-optical polingdifference-frequency generationintegrated opticssecond-order nonlinearity

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  • Employing dispersion engineering to optimize conditions for DFG.
  • Performing near- and non-degenerate DFG experiments at telecommunication wavelengths to achieve nonlinear frequency conversion near 2 μm.

    • Main Results:

    • Successfully demonstrated both near- and non-degenerate DFG in all-optically poled Si3N4 waveguides.
    • Achieved nonlinear frequency conversion near 2 μm by leveraging dispersion engineering.
    • Experimental results showed excellent agreement with theoretical predictions.

    Conclusions:

    • All-optical poling in Si3N4 waveguides enables DFG, previously unattainable.
    • Dispersion engineering is key to unlocking DFG for mid-infrared generation.
    • This validates the approach for designing new integrated nonlinear optical sources in silicon photonics.