CD8⁺ T regulatory cells in lupus

T regulatory cells (T_regs) have a key role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis and the regulation of immune tolerance by preventing the inflammation and suppressing the autoimmune responses. Numerical and functional deficits of these cells have been reported in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and mouse models of SLE, where their imbalance and dysregulated activities have been reported to significantly influence the disease pathogenesis, progression and outcomes. Most studies in SLE have focused on CD4⁺ T_regs and it has become clear that a critical role in the control of immune tolerance after the breakdown of self-tolerance is provided by CD8⁺ T_regs. Here we review the role, cellular and molecular phenotypes, and mechanisms of action of CD8⁺ T_regs in SLE, including ways to induce these cells for immunotherapeutic modulation in SLE.