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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Development of an IFN-γ ELISpot Assay to Assess Varicella-Zoster Virus-specific Cell-mediated Immunity Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation
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Varicella vaccination in India's universal immunisation program -is it time?

Vidushi Mahajan1, Parminder Kaur1, Chandrika Azad1

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Summary

Complicated varicella (chickenpox) poses a significant threat in India, even in healthy children. Vaccination and surveillance are crucial to prevent this vaccine-preventable disease burden.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Varicella (chickenpox) is a common viral infection, but can lead to severe complications.
  • The burden of vaccine-preventable varicella in India remains significant, particularly in pediatric populations.
  • Complicated varicella cases in immunocompetent children underscore the need for enhanced public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the occurrence and impact of complicated varicella in immunocompetent children.
  • To emphasize the substantial burden of varicella that is preventable through vaccination in India.
  • To advocate for improved surveillance and vaccine integration into routine immunization programs.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of two children with complicated varicella.
  • Analysis of the clinical presentation and outcomes.
  • Review of the current varicella vaccination landscape and public health recommendations in India.

Main Results:

  • Two cases of complicated varicella in immunocompetent children were successfully managed.
  • These cases illustrate the potential severity and impact of varicella in the Indian pediatric population.
  • The findings underscore the significant burden of a vaccine-preventable disease.

Conclusions:

  • Complicated varicella can occur in immunocompetent children, indicating a substantial disease burden.
  • Implementation of a robust surveillance program is essential for monitoring varicella.
  • Incorporating the varicella vaccine into routine immunization schedules is a critical step to mitigate illness and reduce the public health burden.