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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
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Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine01:29

Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine

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The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

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Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
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Patient-derived Enterococcus faecium with inflammatory genotypes promote colitis.

Ziyu Wang1, Noriho Iida1, Jun Seishima1

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan.

Journal of Gastroenterology
|July 26, 2022
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Certain Enterococcus faecium strains promote colitis by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Lipoic acid treatment ameliorated this inflammation in a mouse model, highlighting a potential therapeutic target for ulcerative colitis (UC).

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Gut microbiota dysbiosis is linked to ulcerative colitis (UC) pathogenesis.
  • Enterococcus faecium is implicated in dysbiotic microbiota but its role in UC-associated colitis is unclear.
  • Understanding E. faecium's mechanisms in colitis is crucial for UC treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms by which Enterococcus faecium strains induce colitis.
  • To identify specific E. faecium strain characteristics associated with colitis induction.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of lipoic acid in E. faecium-induced colitis.

Main Methods:

  • Inoculation of E. faecium strains from UC patients and commercial sources into Il10 knockout mice.
  • Histological evaluation of mouse colons and real-time PCR analysis of cytokine expression.
  • Whole-genome shotgun sequencing of E. faecium strains, ROS production measurement, and lipoic acid administration.

Main Results:

  • E. faecium strains from UC patients induced colitis in Il10 knockout mice.
  • Genomic clustering revealed distinct inflammatory and probiotic E. faecium groups.
  • Inflammatory strains produced higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) than probiotic strains.
  • Lipoic acid metabolism was more abundant in probiotic strains.
  • Oral administration of lipoic acid ameliorated colitis in E. faecium-inoculated mice.

Conclusions:

  • Enterococcus faecium strains associated with inflammation exhibit higher ROS production.
  • These findings suggest a mechanism for E. faecium-induced colitis and a potential therapeutic role for lipoic acid.