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High-performance Mach-Zehnder modulator using tailored plasma dispersion effects in an ITO/graphene-based waveguide.

Sohrab Mohammadi-Pouyan1, Shahram Bahadori-Haghighi2, Mohsen Heidari3

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Summary

A novel electro-optic modulator using ITO/graphene silicon waveguides achieves a record low VπLπ by engineering plasma dispersion effects. This high-performance device offers excellent modulation characteristics for optical communication systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Optoelectronics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Electro-optic modulators are crucial components in optical communication and processing.
  • Existing modulators face limitations in performance metrics like VπLπ, extinction ratio, and energy consumption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and demonstrate a high-performance electro-optic Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) with significantly improved characteristics.
  • To engineer plasma dispersion effects in ITO/graphene-based silicon waveguides for enhanced modulation.

Main Methods:

  • A push-pull configuration Mach-Zehnder modulator was designed using an ITO/graphene-based silicon waveguide.
  • Plasma dispersion effects in ITO and graphene layers were tailored to create a large difference in the real parts of the guided mode effective index between the two arms, while maintaining equal imaginary parts.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a record low VπLπ value, among the lowest reported for electro-optic modulators.
  • Demonstrated a high extinction ratio exceeding 30 dB.
  • Obtained low insertion loss of 2.8 dB and energy consumption as low as 10 fJ/bit.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed ITO/graphene-based MZM offers outstanding performance for advanced optical communication and processing systems.
  • Engineering plasma dispersion is an effective strategy for enhancing electro-optic modulator performance.