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Related Concept Videos

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction

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A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
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Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Kidney Transplant III: Nursing Management01:16

Kidney Transplant III: Nursing Management

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Postoperative Nursing Management for Kidney Transplant PatientsPostoperative nursing management care includes monitoring the surgical site, encouraging early movement, and promoting lung health through breathing exercises. Nurses also administer prescribed medications like H2-blockers, such as famotidine, or proton pump inhibitors, like omeprazole, to help prevent gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Fungal infections in the mouth and bladder can result from immunosuppressive and antibiotic...
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Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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Transfusion-Transmitted Cache Valley Virus Infection in a Kidney Transplant Recipient With Meningoencephalitis.

Omar Al-Heeti1, En-Ling Wu1, Michael G Ison1,2

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|July 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cache Valley virus (CVV) caused encephalitis in a kidney transplant patient, likely transmitted via blood transfusion. This highlights the risk of arboviral infections in transplant recipients.

Keywords:
Cache Valley virusblood transfusionkidney transplantmeningoencephalitistransfusion-transmitted infection

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Transplantation Immunology

Background:

  • Cache Valley virus (CVV) is a rare mosquito-borne arbovirus.
  • A kidney transplant recipient developed encephalitis post-transplant and blood transfusions.
  • The etiology of the encephalitis was initially unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cause of encephalitis in a kidney transplant recipient.
  • To determine if Cache Valley virus was transmitted via organ or blood transplantation.
  • To evaluate the role of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in diagnosing rare infections.

Main Methods:

  • Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
  • Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), viral culture, and whole-genome sequencing.
  • Blood traceback investigation and serologic testing of donors and recipients.

Main Results:

  • Cache Valley virus (CVV) was detected in the patient's CSF.
  • The organ donor and other organ recipients tested negative for CVV.
  • CVV neutralizing antibodies were found in a blood donor and a plasma recipient from the same donation.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest probable transmission of Cache Valley virus (CVV) through blood transfusion.
  • Clinicians should consider arboviral infections in unexplained meningoencephalitis after transplantation or transfusion.
  • mNGS is a valuable tool for detecting rare infections in immunocompromised patients.