Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

2.3K
Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
2.3K
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

1.9K
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
1.9K
Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

2.2K
The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
2.2K
Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

2.0K
Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial...
2.0K
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

24.4K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
24.4K
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

2.0K
Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
2.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Context-dependent effect of glucocorticoid receptor activity shapes ovarian cancer cell plasticity and therapy response.

Molecular cancer·2026
Same author

Non-cell-autonomous control of mouse gastruloid development by the ultra-conserved lncRNA T-UCstem1.

The EMBO journal·2025
Same author

TGF-β1-mediated downregulation of L1CAM in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma drives upregulation of collagen 17A1 and MMP2, facilitating tumor invasiveness and metastasis.

Cell death & disease·2025
Same author

The Modulation of Cell Plasticity by Budesonide: Beyond the Metabolic and Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Glucocorticoids.

Pharmaceutics·2025
Same author

Criteria for the standardization of stem-cell-based embryo models.

Nature cell biology·2024
Same author

Development of a local controlled release system for therapeutic proteins in the treatment of skeletal muscle injuries and diseases.

Cell death & disease·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 3, 2025

A Two-Step Strategy that Combines Epigenetic Modification and Biomechanical Cues to Generate Mammalian Pluripotent Cells
08:01

A Two-Step Strategy that Combines Epigenetic Modification and Biomechanical Cues to Generate Mammalian Pluripotent Cells

Published on: August 29, 2020

2.4K

Capturing Transitional Pluripotency through Proline Metabolism.

Gabriella Minchiotti1, Cristina D'Aniello1, Annalisa Fico1

  • 1Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy.

Cells
|July 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Proline metabolism imbalance pushes mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to a metastable intermediate pluripotency state. These proline-induced cells (PiCs) offer a model for studying metabolic effects on cell fate.

Keywords:
DNA methylationamino acid stress response pathwaycollagen hydroxylationgastruloid competencehistone hydroxylationmetabolic reprogrammingnaïve-to-primed pluripotencyprimordial germ-like cellsprolineproline metabolism

More Related Videos

A Simple Method to Identify Kinases That Regulate Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency by High-throughput Inhibitor Screening
07:18

A Simple Method to Identify Kinases That Regulate Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency by High-throughput Inhibitor Screening

Published on: May 12, 2017

6.5K
Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a Naïve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency
09:07

Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a Naïve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency

Published on: June 10, 2018

10.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 3, 2025

A Two-Step Strategy that Combines Epigenetic Modification and Biomechanical Cues to Generate Mammalian Pluripotent Cells
08:01

A Two-Step Strategy that Combines Epigenetic Modification and Biomechanical Cues to Generate Mammalian Pluripotent Cells

Published on: August 29, 2020

2.4K
A Simple Method to Identify Kinases That Regulate Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency by High-throughput Inhibitor Screening
07:18

A Simple Method to Identify Kinases That Regulate Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency by High-throughput Inhibitor Screening

Published on: May 12, 2017

6.5K
Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a Naïve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency
09:07

Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a Naïve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency

Published on: June 10, 2018

10.1K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Metabolic Regulation

Background:

  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) possess distinct pluripotency states: naïve and primed.
  • Proline metabolism is increasingly recognized for its role in cellular functions.
  • Understanding metabolic control over stem cell identity is crucial for regenerative medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of proline metabolism in maintaining or altering embryonic stem cell (ESC) identity.
  • To characterize the properties of cells arising from altered proline metabolism.
  • To establish a model for studying metabolic perturbations in cell fate decisions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mouse ESCs subjected to altered proline metabolism.
  • Phenotypic characterization of proline-induced cells (PiCs).
  • Assessment of signaling pathways (Erk, Tgfβ/Activin) and molecular profiles (transcriptome, metabolome, epigenome).

Main Results:

  • Imbalanced proline metabolism induces a stable naïve-to-primed intermediate pluripotency state in mouse ESCs.
  • Proline-induced cells (PiCs) exhibit metastable phenotypes, including E-cadherin relocalization.
  • PiCs retain some naïve pluripotency traits while acquiring primed cell characteristics, resembling an early-primed state.

Conclusions:

  • Proline metabolism significantly influences ESC identity and pluripotency.
  • PiCs represent a valuable model for investigating metabolic control of cell fate.
  • This work highlights the link between metabolic state and stem cell plasticity.