Changes in the mechanical and electrical environment and the effect on bone

The mechanical and electrical environment has been shown to influence the growth and development of bone. The research provided in this review of the literature, is that presented to the Department of Orthopedic Surgery at Stony Brook University Hospital, Long Island, New York. Bone development is influenced by the normal growth process, level of exercise intensity, and surgical procedures. An altered structure leads to an altered function. Clinical application of direct electrical stimulation has been shown to induce osteogenesis in nonunion fractures.