Emerging Role of Deubiquitinating Enzymes (DUBs) in Melanoma Pathogenesis

Mickael Ohanna1,2, Pierric Biber1,2, Marcel Deckert1,2

  • 1Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France.

Cancers
|July 27, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are key to melanoma cell adaptation and resistance to cancer therapies. Targeting DUBs offers a promising new strategy for treating metastatic melanoma and overcoming treatment relapse.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Metastatic melanoma is a deadly skin cancer with limited treatment options.
  • Current therapies like BRAF inhibitors and immunotherapies are effective but not for all patients, and relapse is frequent.
  • New therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to address treatment resistance and disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of deubiquitinases (DUBs) in melanoma.
  • To explore the roles of DUBs in melanoma progression and therapeutic resistance.
  • To discuss the potential of DUBs as therapeutic targets for metastatic melanoma.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on DUBs in melanoma.
  • Analysis of the involvement of the ubiquitin pathway in melanoma cell adaptation.
  • Synthesis of information on DUBs' roles in proteome remodeling and cellular changes.

Main Results:

  • Non-genetic and genetic alterations drive melanoma adaptation and resistance.
  • Proteome remodeling, largely mediated by the ubiquitin pathway, is crucial for melanoma survival and migration.
  • Specific DUBs have been identified as critical players in melanoma progression and resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are central to melanoma's adaptive responses to therapy.
  • Targeting DUBs represents a novel and promising therapeutic avenue for metastatic melanoma.
  • Further investigation into DUBs may uncover new vulnerabilities to combat melanoma treatment failure.

Related Concept Videos

Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
4.6K
Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
7.5K
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR...
2.1K
The Proteasome01:13

The Proteasome

Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important among these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. This involves participation of a series of enzymes including— E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3...
1.1K
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
7.0K
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
6.6K