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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

607
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
607
Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...
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Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

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Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
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Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction01:24

Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction

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Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...
312
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

939
Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Novel In Vivo Micro-Computed Tomography Imaging Techniques for Assessing the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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Visceral Obesity in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Lindsay Nitsche1, Yeshwanth Vedire2, Eric Kannisto2

  • 1Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.

Cancers
|July 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Visceral obesity, measured by visceral fat index (VFI) from CT scans, is common in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. This measure, unlike BMI, shows associations with patient demographics and tumor immunogenicity.

Keywords:
adipositycomputerized tomographyepidemiologyimage analysislung cancerobesityvisceral fat

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiology
  • Metabolic Health

Background:

  • Body mass index (BMI) shows paradoxical associations with lung cancer risk and outcomes.
  • Emerging evidence suggests visceral adiposity, not just BMI, may be crucial in understanding obesity's impact on lung cancer.
  • The prevalence and clinical correlates of visceral obesity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients remain largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of visceral obesity in NSCLC patients.
  • To investigate the associations between visceral obesity and patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and immunogenicity.
  • To establish visceral fat index (VFI) as a measurable correlate in lung cancer research.

Main Methods:

  • Observational study of 994 NSCLC patients treated between 2008-2020.
  • Utilized routine computerized tomography (CT) scans obtained within a year of tumor resection or biopsy.
  • Measured visceral adiposity using cross-sectional abdominal fat areas, semi-quantified as visceral fat index (VFI).

Main Results:

  • Visceral obesity (VFI) was more prevalent in males and former smokers compared to females and current/never smokers.
  • No significant association was found between VFI and tumor histology or stage.
  • Tumor immunogenicity, assessed by gene expression, was negatively correlated with VFI, but not with BMI.

Conclusions:

  • Visceral obesity is readily appraisable using routine CT scans in NSCLC patients.
  • Visceral fat index (VFI) demonstrates distinct associations with demographic factors and tumor immunogenicity, unlike BMI.
  • Visceral obesity represents a potentially significant and measurable factor in lung cancer studies.