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Sex Differences in Parkinson's Disease: From Bench to Bedside
Maria Claudia Russillo1, Valentina Andreozzi1, Roberto Erro1
1Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Department of Medicine, Surgery and Odontology "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
Brain Sciences
|July 27, 2022
Summary
This review confirms sex and gender differences in Parkinson disease (PD). Understanding these variations in biomarkers, genetics, symptoms, and treatments is key for personalized PD interventions.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Neuroscience
- Genetics
Background:
- Parkinson disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder.
- Existing research indicates gender disparities in various PD aspects.
- This commentary focuses on summarizing current evidence regarding these differences.
Purpose of the Study:
- To consolidate and analyze existing data on sex and gender differences in Parkinson disease.
- To explore variations in biomarkers, genetics, symptoms, and treatment responses between males and females.
- To identify knowledge gaps and inform future research directions.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature review was conducted.
- Searched PubMed and Scopus databases.
- Utilized comprehensive search terms covering biomarkers, genetics, symptoms, and treatments for Parkinson disease, including sex and gender-specific terms.
Main Results:
- The review confirms significant differences between males and females in Parkinson disease.
- New insights were identified across animal models, genetic factors, and biomarkers.
- Disparities in clinical features and responses to pharmacological and surgical treatments were highlighted.
Conclusions:
- Sex and gender differences in Parkinson disease are evident and multifaceted.
- Acquiring further knowledge on these differences is crucial.
- The ultimate goal is to enable the development of tailored interventions for Parkinson disease patients.
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