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Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...

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Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) and King-Devick (K-D) Performance in Multiple Sclerosis.

Amparo Gil-Casas1,2, David P Piñero-Llorens2, Ainhoa Molina-Martín2

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients exhibit saccadic disturbances, impacting performance on the Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) and King-Devick (K-D) tests. Past optic neuritis episodes did not significantly worsen these eye movement test results in MS patients.

Keywords:
DEMK-D testeye movementmultiple sclerosisreadingsaccades

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Eye movement disorders, specifically saccadic disturbances, are frequently observed in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Standardized tests like the Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) and King-Devick (K-D) assess saccades but also engage cognitive functions potentially affected in MS.
  • Previous optic neuritis (ON) is a common occurrence in MS, and its impact on oculomotor function requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the performance of MS patients on the DEM and K-D tests.
  • To determine if a history of resolved optic neuritis influences DEM and K-D test outcomes in MS patients.
  • To explore the correlation between oculomotor function and other cognitive domains affected in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of DEM and K-D test results between a cohort of MS patients and a control group of healthy subjects.
  • Analysis of DEM and K-D test performance stratified by the presence or absence of a prior optic neuritis episode in MS patients.
  • Statistical analysis to identify significant differences in test performance, including horizontal and vertical saccades on DEM and specific K-D test cards.

Main Results:

  • MS patients demonstrated significantly longer completion times on both the DEM and K-D tests compared to healthy controls.
  • A history of optic neuritis did not lead to statistically worse outcomes on the DEM or K-D tests for MS patients.
  • Significant differences were observed in horizontal saccades during the DEM test between MS patients (with and without ON) and healthy individuals. The third card of the K-D test also showed group differences.

Conclusions:

  • The DEM and K-D tests are sensitive to oculomotor and associated non-visual disturbances in MS patients, reflecting broader neurological impairment.
  • While MS patients show deficits in saccadic eye movements, resolved optic neuritis does not appear to exacerbate these specific test performances.
  • These tests can serve as valuable tools for detecting cognitive and oculomotor impairments in MS, correlating with suboptimal brain function.