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Competency Gradients in Advanced Practice Nurses, Specialist Nurses, and Registered Nurses: A Multicentre
Laura Gutiérrez-Rodríguez1,2, Silvia García-Mayor1,2, Álvaro León-Campos1,2
1Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
Summary
Advanced practice nurses in Spain report higher competencies in areas like leadership and care management compared to registered and specialist nurses. These advanced practice nurses also manage more complex patient cases, highlighting distinct roles in specialized healthcare services.
Area of Science:
- Nursing
- Healthcare Management
- Clinical Practice
Background:
- Defining nursing competencies is essential for establishing the scope of practice.
- Formalizing clinical practice structures in advanced and specialized services requires understanding competency differences.
- This study addresses the need to differentiate nursing roles and their associated patient complexity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the distribution of advanced nursing competencies among registered, specialist, and advanced practice nurses in Spain.
- To determine the complexity of patients managed by these different nursing cadres.
- To inform the development of a regulatory framework for advanced and specialized nursing services.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study design was employed.
- An online survey was administered to registered, specialist, and advanced practice nurses.
- Data collected included perceived levels of advanced competencies and professional characteristics.
Main Results:
- 1270 nurses completed the survey.
- Advanced practice nurses reported the highest self-perceived competencies, particularly in evidence-based practice, autonomy, leadership, and care management.
- Patients managed by advanced practice nurses exhibited higher complexity levels.
Conclusions:
- Significant differences exist in self-perceived competencies among registered, specialist, and advanced practice nurses.
- Advanced practice nurses are associated with managing patients of higher complexity.
- Recognizing these competency and complexity distinctions can guide the creation of regulatory frameworks for advanced nursing practice.
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