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Protein Intake and Sarcopenia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Hélio José Coelho-Junior1,2, Riccardo Calvani2, Domenico Azzolino3,4
1Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Summary
Older adults with sarcopenia consumed less protein. This systematic review suggests inadequate protein intake may be linked to sarcopenia in the elderly population.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Nutritional Science
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Sarcopenia is a significant health concern in older adults, characterized by progressive loss of muscle mass and function.
- Protein intake is a crucial nutritional factor influencing muscle health and maintenance in aging populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and meta-analyze the existing evidence on the association between protein intake and sarcopenia in older adults.
- To investigate both cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was conducted across multiple databases (MEDLINE, SCOPUS, EMBASE, CINAHL, AgeLine, Food Science Source) up to January 31, 2022.
- Included studies were observational, focusing on protein intake and sarcopenia in individuals aged 60 years and older.
- A meta-analysis of pooled effect sizes (standard mean differences) was performed on relevant studies.
Main Results:
- Seven studies (five cross-sectional, one longitudinal, one case-control) involving 3353 older adults were included.
- The meta-analysis of four studies revealed that older adults diagnosed with sarcopenia had significantly lower protein consumption compared to those without sarcopenia.
Conclusions:
- Findings suggest a potential association between inadequate protein intake and the development or presence of sarcopenia in older adults.
- This highlights the importance of sufficient protein consumption for maintaining muscle health in the aging population.
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