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Cardiac Troponin Biosensor Designs: Current Developments and Remaining Challenges.

Andreea Campu¹, Ilinca Muresan¹, Ana-Maria Craciun¹

¹Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, Treboniu Laurian No. 42, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|July 27, 2022

Summary

Diagnosing acute myocardial infarction (AMI) requires better methods than ECG. This review explores advancements in biosensors for rapid, on-site detection of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) biomarkers.

Keywords:

cardiac troponin biomarkers electrochemical detection fluorescence detection surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy surface plasmon resonance

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Cardiovascular Diagnostics
Biomarker Detection

Background:

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of mortality globally.
Current diagnostic methods like electrocardiography (ECG) have limitations in sensitivity and specificity.
Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) are superior biomarkers for detecting myocardial damage.

Purpose of the Study:

To review breakthroughs in biosensor development for cTnI and cTnT detection.
To highlight progress and challenges in creating rapid, on-site diagnostic tools.
To facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Main Methods:

Review of recent literature on biosensor designs for cTnI and cTnT.
Analysis of analytical tools for biomarker quantification.
Discussion of technological advancements towards portable testing chips.

Main Results:

Significant progress in developing specific and sensitive biosensors for cTnI and cTnT.
Emerging analytical tools show promise for efficient biomarker measurement.
Development of strategies for cost-efficient, portable diagnostic devices.

Conclusions:

Biosensors offer a promising alternative to traditional methods for AMI diagnosis.
Further development is needed to achieve simple, cheap, and portable testing chips.
On-site detection of cTnI/cTnT can enable timely, life-saving interventions.