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Monkeypox: A New Threat?

Dorota Kmiec1, Frank Kirchhoff1

  • 1Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Monkeypox virus (MPXV), a smallpox relative, is re-emerging globally. Limited smallpox vaccination leaves populations vulnerable to MPXV outbreaks, necessitating public health strategies.

Keywords:
2022 MPXV outbreakMPXVemerging virusesmonkeypoxzoonosis

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is antigenically similar to Variola virus (smallpox).
  • Global smallpox vaccination campaigns led to eradication but ceased decades ago.
  • Over 70% of the current global population lacks smallpox vaccination immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on the re-emerging monkeypox virus (MPXV).
  • To discuss strategies for limiting MPXV spread and pathogenicity.
  • To evaluate the public health risk posed by MPXV.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of MPXV epidemiology, virology, and clinical presentation.
  • Analysis of global outbreak data (May-July 2022).
  • Evaluation of cross-protection from smallpox vaccines and current public health interventions.

Main Results:

  • MPXV is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, causing zoonotic outbreaks.
  • International travel and trade facilitate MPXV spread to non-endemic regions.
  • The 2022 global outbreak involves significant human-to-human transmission, posing a public health threat.

Conclusions:

  • MPXV poses a significant global public health risk due to widespread population susceptibility.
  • Effective strategies are needed to control MPXV transmission and reduce its impact.
  • Continued surveillance and research are crucial for managing this re-emerging viral threat.