CaMKII Splice Variants in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: The Next Step or Redundancy?

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) help to maintain the normal physiological contractility of arterial vessels to control blood pressure; they can also contribute to vascular disease such as atherosclerosis. Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), a multifunctional enzyme with four isoforms and multiple alternative splice variants, contributes to numerous functions within VSMCs. The role of these isoforms has been widely studied across numerous tissue types; however, their functions are still largely unknown within the vasculature. Even more understudied is the role of the different splice variants of each isoform in such signaling pathways. This review evaluates the role of the different CaMKII splice variants in vascular pathological and physiological mechanisms, aiming to show the need for more research to highlight both the deleterious and protective functions of the various splice variants.