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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Model for Investigating Kidney Interstitial Fibrosis
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Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Model for Investigating Kidney Interstitial Fibrosis

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Kidney Involvement in Systemic Sclerosis.

Francesco Reggiani1,2, Gabriella Moroni1, Claudio Ponticelli3

  • 1Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy.

Journal of Personalized Medicine
|July 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Systemic sclerosis frequently affects the kidneys, with scleroderma renal crisis being a severe complication causing hypertension and kidney failure. Early ACE-inhibitor treatment improves outcomes, but many patients still progress to end-stage renal disease.

Keywords:
kidney involvementscleroderma renal crisissystemic sclerosis

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Rheumatology
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Systemic sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease causing fibrosis and microcirculation issues.
  • It affects multiple organs, including the skin, joints, and internal organs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review kidney involvement in systemic sclerosis.
  • To highlight the significance and management of scleroderma renal crisis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of systemic sclerosis and kidney involvement.
  • Focused on articles from rheumatologic and nephrological journals.

Main Results:

  • Half of systemic sclerosis patients show kidney involvement.
  • Scleroderma renal crisis presents with sudden hypertension and kidney failure.
  • ACE-inhibitors have improved management, yet 20-50% reach end-stage renal disease.

Conclusions:

  • Scleroderma renal crisis remains a critical, life-threatening condition.
  • Further research into prevention and novel therapies is essential.