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Influenza Myopericarditis and Pericarditis: A Literature Review
Milan Radovanovic1,2, Marija Petrovic3, Michel K Barsoum1,4
1Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
|July 27, 2022
Summary
Influenza infection can cause rare but serious heart inflammation (myopericarditis). While isolated pericarditis often leads to tamponade, myopericarditis is linked to cardiogenic shock and higher mortality.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Viral Pathogenesis
Background:
- Myopericarditis is a rare influenza complication.
- Presentations range from mild to fulminant, with potential for cardiogenic shock, obstructive shock (tamponade), and high mortality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and analyze all reported cases of influenza-associated pericarditis and myopericarditis.
- To identify risk factors, clinical presentations, and outcomes associated with these conditions.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines.
- PubMed (Medline) database search for influenza pericarditis and myopericarditis cases (1951-2021).
- Analysis of 75 identified cases.
Main Results:
- Influenza A was more frequent than Influenza B, but type did not affect outcomes.
- Men and elderly patients were more prone to isolated pericarditis; women and younger patients to myopericarditis.
- All patients had pericardial effusion; 36% experienced tamponade (more common in isolated pericarditis). Cardiogenic shock occurred in 64% of myopericarditis cases.
- Overall mortality was 14.7%; 19% in myopericarditis cases.
- Most recovered patients (88%) had no long-term complications.
Conclusions:
- Influenza A is a common cause of pericarditis and myopericarditis.
- Isolated pericarditis is associated with tamponade but not death; myopericarditis with cardiogenic shock and mortality.
- Influenza-related myopericarditis requires prompt recognition and management due to potential severity.
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