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Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes

Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes

Non-oral extravascular routes, which encompass sublingual, buccal, topical, intramuscular, and inhalation methods, primarily utilize passive diffusion to transport drugs into the systemic circulation. The absorption rates and effectiveness of these routes depend on the drug's physicochemical properties, as well as the patient's anatomical and pathophysiological state.
Lipophilic drugs that are stable at salivary pH (6) and exhibit minimal binding to the oral mucosa are absorbed more...

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...

Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral

Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral

Medications can be administered through the enteral route using liquids, capsules, or tablets.
Enteral administration involves drug administration via the mouth in two ways: orally or sublingually.
Unlike sublingually drugs, drugs that are taken orally pass through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and get metabolized by the liver. Once metabolized, the drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation, reaching different body parts via the bloodstream. However, while passing through the stomach,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Oral Biofilm Formation on Different Materials for Dental Implants

Oral Biofilm Formation on Different Materials for Dental Implants

Published on: June 24, 2018

Advanced Materials for Oral Application.

Laura-Cristina Rusu¹, Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean²

¹Department of Oral Pathology, Multidisciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

|July 27, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This Special Issue covers diverse dental materials, aiding professionals in choosing optimal patient treatments. Advances in dental materials enhance therapeutic solutions and patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Biomaterials
Dental Technology

Background:

The Special Issue focuses on the diverse range of dental materials available.
It highlights the importance of material selection for effective patient therapy.

Discussion:

Explores various dental materials and their applications.
Emphasizes the role of these materials in modern dentistry.

Key Insights:

Dental materials enable tailored therapeutic solutions for individual patient needs.
Selection of appropriate materials is crucial for successful dental treatments.

Outlook:

Future directions in dental material research and development.
Potential impact of new materials on clinical practice and patient care.