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Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Fabrication of Nano-engineered Transparent Conducting Oxides by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Published on: February 27, 2013
Surface Morphology of Textured Transparent Conductive Oxide Thin Film Seen by Various Probes: Visible Light, X-rays,
Krunoslav Juraić1, Pavo Dubček1, Mario Bohač1
1Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Abstract:
Fluorine-doped tin oxide thin films (SnO2:F) are widely used as transparent conductive oxide electrodes in thin-film solar cells because of their appropriate electrical and optical properties. The surface morphology of these films influences their optical properties and therefore plays an important role in the overall efficiencies of the solar cells in which they are implemented. At rough surfaces light is diffusely scattered, extending the optical path of light inside the active layer of the solar cell, which in term improves light absorption and solar cell conversion efficiency. In this work, we investigated the surface morphology of undoped and doped SnO2 thin films and their influence on the optical properties of the films. We have compared and analysed the results obtained by several complementary methods for thin-film surface morphology investigation: atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS). Based on the AFM and TEM results we propose a theoretical model that reproduces well the GISAXS scattering patterns.
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