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ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps

V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...

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Endosomal v-ATPase as a Sensor Determining Myocardial Substrate Preference.

Shujin Wang^1,2, Yinying Han¹, Miranda Nabben^2,3,4

¹Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400032, China.

|July 27, 2022

Summary

The heart uses various energy sources, but stress disrupts this balance, leading to cardiac dysfunction. Targeting vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (v-ATPase) with amino acids may restore heart function.

Keywords:

CD36 GLUT4 amino acids endosomal acidification glucose heart lipid vacuolar-type H+-ATPase

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Area of Science:

Cardiology
Metabolic Physiology
Molecular Biology

Background:

The heart is a metabolically flexible organ, primarily using fatty acids and glucose.
Cardiac stress can disrupt substrate utilization, leading to reliance on single fuel sources and dysfunction.
Re-balancing myocardial substrate preference is a potential therapeutic strategy for heart failure.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (v-ATPase) in regulating myocardial substrate preference.
To explore v-ATPase as a therapeutic target for cardiac dysfunction.
To discuss amino acid supplementation as a nutraceutical approach.

Main Methods:

Review of recent findings on v-ATPase function in cardiac metabolism.
Analysis of how fatty acids, glucose, and amino acids influence v-ATPase assembly and activity.
Discussion of therapeutic strategies targeting v-ATPase.

Main Results:

Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (v-ATPase) integrates nutritional signals to control myocardial substrate preference.
Fatty acids, glucose, and amino acids modulate v-ATPase assembly and proton-pumping activity.
v-ATPase represents a novel therapeutic target for heart conditions.

Conclusions:

v-ATPase is a key regulator of cardiac energy metabolism and substrate utilization.
Targeting v-ATPase, particularly with amino acid supplementation, shows promise for treating lipid-induced insulin resistance and cardiac dysfunction.
Restoring metabolic flexibility via v-ATPase modulation may rescue the failing heart.