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Induction of Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of CBir1 TCR Transgenic CD4+ T Cells to Immunodeficient Mice

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Microbial Metabolite 3-Indolepropionic Acid Mediates Immunosuppression.

Carlos Guijas¹, Lucy E Horton², Linh Hoang¹

¹Scripps Center for Metabolomics, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

|July 27, 2022

Summary

The microbial metabolite 3-indolepropionic acid (3-IPA) may suppress T-cell responses, offering potential therapeutic avenues for autoimmune diseases and chronic infections by modulating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Further research into microbiome targeting is warranted.

Keywords:

T-cell exhaustion activity metabolomics cytotoxic T lymphocytes immunosuppression lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

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Published on: April 21, 2015

Area of Science:

Immunology
Microbiology
Metabolomics

Background:

3-indolepropionic acid (3-IPA), a microbial metabolite, has been studied for various roles, but its impact on immunosuppression and T-cell exhaustion remains underexplored.
T-cell exhaustion, characterized by dysfunctional CD8+ T cells, is a critical factor in persistent infections and immunosuppression.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the potential role of 3-IPA in T-cell exhaustion and immunosuppression.
To identify key metabolites involved in differential T-cell responses between mouse strains during viral infection.

Main Methods:

Utilized untargeted metabolomic analysis in DBA/1J and DBA/2J mouse models infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) Clone 13 (Cl13).
Employed statistical significance and fold change to prioritize altered metabolites.
Administered 3-IPA in drinking water to assess its effect on LCMV Cl13-infected mice.

Main Results:

Metabolomic analysis revealed over 70 altered metabolites between the two mouse strains, particularly in those with fatal outcomes.
3-IPA was identified as a high-priority metabolite.
Supplementation with 3-IPA extended survival in LCMV Cl13-infected mice, indicating a negative immunomodulatory effect.

Conclusions:

3-IPA exhibits immunosuppressive properties, potentially by modulating cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses.
These findings suggest 3-IPA's relevance for managing conditions like autoimmune diseases, type I diabetes, and COVID-19.
Targeting the microbiome for 3-IPA production presents a novel strategy to enhance CTL responses in cancer and chronic infections.