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Related Concept Videos

Salivary Glands and Saliva01:23

Salivary Glands and Saliva

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The salivary glands, of which there are three pairs known as the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands, play a crucial role in maintaining oral health and initiating the digestive process. Positioned near the ears, beneath the masseter muscle, the parotid glands secrete saliva into the oral cavity through the parotid duct of Stensen. Meanwhile, the submandibular glands, located on the floor of the mouth, secrete saliva through channels named submandibular ducts. The sublingual glands,...
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A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
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Long-Term Mastication Changed Salivary Metabolomic Profiles.

Yoji Saeki1, Akane Takenouchi2, Etsuyo Otani3,4

  • 1Central Laboratory, Lotte Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Numakage, Minami-ku, Saitama 336-8601, Japan.

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Long-term gum chewing significantly alters salivary metabolomic profiles in young women. This study reveals changes in key amino acid pathways, suggesting mastication impacts oral and potentially systemic health markers.

Keywords:
chewingliquid chromatography–mass spectrometrymasticationmetabolomic profilesaliva

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Area of Science:

  • Oral Health
  • Metabolomics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Saliva is a valuable biofluid for monitoring oral and systemic health.
  • Metabolomic analysis of saliva shows potential for disease monitoring.
  • Mastication is known to stimulate salivary flow and improve oral hygiene.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term effects of mastication on salivary metabolomic profiles.
  • To identify specific metabolites and metabolic pathways affected by sustained chewing.

Main Methods:

  • 17 young women with good oral hygiene participated in a 4-week control period followed by a 4-week intervention period.
  • During intervention, participants chewed gum base for 10 minutes, seven times daily.
  • Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected and analyzed using liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Main Results:

  • Quantification of 85 metabolites revealed significant differences in 41 metabolites (p < 0.05) after the intervention.
  • Most metabolite concentrations, excluding citrate, decreased post-intervention.
  • Metabolic pathways involving glycogenic amino acids like alanine, arginine, and glutamine were significantly altered.

Conclusions:

  • Long-term mastication induces significant changes in the composition of unstimulated whole saliva.
  • Altered amino acid metabolism suggests a potential impact of chewing on systemic metabolic processes.
  • Salivary metabolomics offers a sensitive approach to detect physiological changes induced by lifestyle factors like mastication.