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Related Concept Videos

Transmission-Line Differential Equations01:26

Transmission-Line Differential Equations

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Transmission lines are essential components of electrical power systems. They are characterized by the distributed nature of resistance (R), inductance (L), and capacitance (C) per unit length. To analyze these lines, differential equations are employed to model the variations in voltage and current along the line.
Line Section Model
A circuit representing a line section of length Δx helps in understanding the transmission line parameters. The voltage V(x) and current i(x) are measured...
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Gain01:15

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Gain and phase shift are properties of linear circuits that describe the effect a circuit has on a sinusoidal input voltage or current. The circuit's behavior that contains reactive elements will depend on the frequency of the input sinusoid. As a result, it is observed that the gain and phase shift will all be frequency functions.
Gain:
Suppose Vin is the input and Vout is the output signal to a circuit.
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Traveling Waves: Lossless Lines01:27

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The provided content explores the behavior of traveling waves on single-phase lossless transmission lines. It begins with a single-phase two-wire lossless transmission line of length Δx, characterized by a loop inductance LH/m and a line-to-line capacitance C F/m. These parameters result in a series inductance LΔx  and a shunt capacitance CΔx.
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Series Impedances: Three-Phase Line01:27

Series Impedances: Three-Phase Line

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Calculating series impedances for a three-phase overhead line involves evaluating resistances and inductive reactances in a network with three-phase and multiple neutral conductors grounded at regular intervals.
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Electromagnetic waves can be reflected; the surface of a conductor or a dielectric can act as a reflector. As electric and magnetic fields obey the superposition principle, so do electromagnetic waves. The superposition of an incident wave and a reflected electromagnetic wave produces a standing wave analogous to the standing waves created on a stretched string.
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Lossless Lines01:23

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In electrical engineering, a lossless transmission line is characterized by a purely imaginary propagation constant and a resistive characteristic impedance. The ABCD parameters, which describe the relationship between the input and output voltages and currents, indicate an equivalent π circuit with an imaginary series impedance and a shunt admittance. This results in a transmission line that, when the product of the phase constant (beta) and the length of the line is less than pi,...
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Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities
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Amplitude-Phase Variation in a Graphene-Based Microstrip Line.

Muhammad Yasir1, Sergej Fatikow2, Olaf C Haenssler2

  • 1OFFIS Institute for Information Technology, 26121 Oldenburg, Germany.

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|July 27, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel graphene transmission line capable of independently adjusting signal amplitude and phase. This innovation enables precise control for advanced electronic applications.

Keywords:
attenuatorsgraphenemodulatorspassive circuitsphase shifters

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Traditional transmission lines lack independent amplitude and phase control.
  • Graphene's tunable conductivity offers potential for dynamic microwave components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and design a graphene-based transmission line with independent amplitude and phase tuning.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of controlling attenuation and phase shift separately using graphene.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a transmission line utilizing graphene's tunable conductivity via DC bias.
  • Integrated an attenuator and phase shifter separated by an interdigitated capacitor for independent control.
  • Optimized phase shifter design using tapered lines and open stubs.
  • Implemented an attenuator using grounded vias and graphene pads for signal dissipation.

Main Results:

  • Achieved independent amplitude variation of 5 dB.
  • Demonstrated independent phase variation of 23 degrees.
  • Operated within the 4 GHz to 4.5 GHz frequency range.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed graphene transmission line enables independent control of attenuation and phase shift.
  • This technology holds promise for reconfigurable microwave circuits and advanced RF systems.