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Complex Trophic Interactions in an Acidophilic Microbial Community.

Guntram Weithoff1,2, Elanor M Bell1,3

  • 1Department Ecology and Ecosystem Modelling, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.

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|July 27, 2022
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Summary

Extreme habitats host unique communities. This study reveals complex trophic interactions, including intraguild predation, among protists and rotifers in acidic environments, showing how resource availability shapes these relationships.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Microbiology
  • Extremophile Biology

Background:

  • Extreme habitats support specialized microbial communities, often dominated by prokaryotes and protists.
  • While individual extremophile physiology is studied, direct trophic interactions remain under-researched.
  • Metazoa and higher plants are typically scarce in extreme environments like highly acidic habitats.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate direct trophic interactions within an extremophilic community.
  • To elucidate the dynamics of intraguild predation among protists and rotifers in acidic conditions.
  • To understand how resource availability influences these complex feeding relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory experiments were conducted to study feeding interactions.
  • Predation pressure of a predatory protist (*Actinophrys sol*) on various prey was assessed.
  • The impact of a mixotrophic protist (*Chlamydomonas acidophila*) on predator-prey dynamics was analyzed under varying resource densities.

Main Results:

  • Significant predation by *Actinophrys sol* was observed on all tested animal prey (rotifers and ciliates).
  • High densities of *Chlamydomonas acidophila* interfered with *A. sol*'s feeding, reducing predation on rotifers.
  • Intraguild predation dynamics were observed, with *C. acidophila* as common prey and rotifers/ciliates as intraguild prey.

Conclusions:

  • Trophic interactions in extremophilic communities are complex and involve intraguild predation.
  • Resource availability, specifically *Chlamydomonas acidophila* density, significantly modulates predator-prey relationships.
  • Increased resource levels led to a higher relative abundance of rotifers, highlighting the intricate community structure.