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Bioactive Phenolic Compounds from Peperomia obtusifolia.

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Two new compounds, peperomic ester and peperoside, were isolated from Peperomia obtusifolia. Peperobtusin A showed significant anticancer activity against PC-3 cells and antibacterial effects against Bacillus subtilis.

Keywords:
Peperomia obtusifoliaPiperaceaeantibacterialanticancercytotoxicityisolation

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Area of Science:

  • Phytochemistry
  • Natural Products Chemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Peperomia obtusifolia is an ornamental plant from Middle America.
  • It is traditionally used for its antimicrobial properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and characterize new compounds from Peperomia obtusifolia leaves.
  • To evaluate the biological activities of isolated compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Chemical investigation using NMR and HREIMS techniques.
  • Anthelmintic, antifungal, antibacterial, and antiproliferative assays were performed.
  • Biological activity was tested against Caenorhabditis elegans, Botrytis cinerea, Septoria tritici, Phytophthora infestans, Bacillus subtilis, Aliivibrio fischeri, PC-3, and HT-29 cell lines.

Main Results:

  • Two new compounds, peperomic ester (1) and peperoside (2), were identified, along with five known compounds.
  • Peperobtusin A (5) exhibited potent antiproliferative activity against PC-3 cancer cells (IC50 = 25.6 µM).
  • Peperobtusin A (5) demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis (90% inhibition).
  • Compound 3 showed anti-oomycotic activity against Phytophthora infestans (56% inhibition).

Conclusions:

  • Peperomia obtusifolia is a source of novel bioactive compounds.
  • Peperobtusin A and compound 3 possess significant anticancer, antibacterial, and anti-oomycotic properties.
  • Further research into these compounds may lead to new therapeutic agents.