Biomimetic Nanomaterials: Diversity, Technology, and Biomedical Applications

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Biomaterials Engineering
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Biomimetic nanomaterials (BNMs) leverage nanoscale components inspired by natural structures.
• While biomimetic approaches have historical roots, BNMs remain a cutting-edge research area.
• Classification of BNMs focuses on reproduced natural features: structure, synthesis, and biogenic components.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and classify biomimetic nanomaterials based on their design principles and natural analogues.
• To analyze the diverse applications of BNMs across various medical and technological fields.
• To discuss future prospects and potential advancements in BNM development.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and classification of existing biomimetic nanomaterials.
• Analysis of BNMs based on their structural elements (magnetic, metal, ceramic, organic).
• Examination of BNM applications in regenerative medicine, therapy, and diagnostics.

Main Results:

• BNMs are categorized by biomimetic structure, synthesis, and biogenic component incorporation.
• Considered BNMs include magnetic, metal, metal oxide, organic, and ceramic types.
• Applications span bone/tooth reconstruction, hyperthermia, drug delivery, immunotherapy, and bioimaging.

Conclusions:

• The future of BNMs lies in utilizing phospholipid membranes (native, modified, or artificial).
• These membranes can combine biological properties with synthetic advantages like biocompatibility and scalability.
• This integration promises enhanced performance and broader applicability of biomimetic nanomaterials.