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Area of Science:

  • Wireless communication engineering
  • Signal processing
  • Electromagnetics

Background:

  • Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation is fundamental for wireless communication, localization, and sensing.
  • Next-generation wireless networks (beyond 5G/6G) rely on DOA estimation for enhanced performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss open issues in DOA estimation for B5G/6G networks.
  • To provide insights into current advancements in DOA estimation techniques.
  • To address future research directions in DOA estimation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of emerging technologies like massive MIMO and mmWave bands.
  • Analysis of challenges including large-scale arrays, near-field/far-field coexistence, mutual coupling, and spatial-temporal sampling.
  • Exploration of current advances in arrays, models, sampling, and algorithms.

Main Results:

  • Identified key challenges in DOA estimation for B5G/6G systems.
  • Summarized progress in arrays, models, sampling, and algorithms for DOA estimation.
  • Highlighted areas for future research and development.

Conclusions:

  • DOA estimation faces significant challenges with new wireless technologies.
  • Continued research in arrays, models, sampling, and algorithms is essential for advancing DOA estimation in future networks.
  • Addressing these challenges will enable robust and efficient wireless communication systems.