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[Pleural effusion and Toxocara canis].

J Bruart, P Remacle, C Henneghien

    Revue Des Maladies Respiratoires
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    Toxocariasis, a rare parasitic infection in children caused by Toxocara canis, can manifest with severe respiratory symptoms. Treatment with Mebendazole effectively resolved hypereosinophilia and pleural reactions in a patient.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Parasitology
    • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
    • Pulmonology

    Background:

    • Toxocariasis is an uncommon parasitic zoonosis, primarily affecting children, caused by the nematode Toxocara canis.
    • Human infection with Toxocara canis is incidental as humans are not the natural host.
    • Advancements in serological testing, such as the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay-Enzyme Specific Antigen (ELISA-ESA), are improving Toxocara diagnosis.

    Observation:

    • The study observed a case of toxocariasis presenting with a significant pleural reaction.
    • Generalized hypereosinophilia was noted in the patient's blood, pleural fluid, and broncho-alveolar lavage samples.
    • This clinical presentation highlights the potential pulmonary involvement in toxocariasis.

    Findings:

    • The patient exhibited a strong association between pleural inflammation and marked hypereosinophilia.
    • Diagnostic confirmation was supported by serological evidence of Toxocara infection.
    • Complete regression of symptoms and laboratory findings was achieved with Mebendazole treatment.

    Implications:

    • This case underscores the importance of considering toxocariasis in the differential diagnosis of pediatric pleural diseases and hypereosinophilic syndromes.
    • Effective treatment options like Mebendazole exist for managing severe manifestations of toxocariasis.
    • Increased recognition and improved diagnostics will likely lead to more frequent identification of this parasitic infection.

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