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Eye Infection with SARS-CoV-2 as a Route to Systemic Immunization?

Norbert Schrage1, Joel Blomet2, Frank Holzer3

  • 1ACTO e.V., Karlsburgweg 9, 52070 Aachen, Germany.

Viruses
|July 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Eye infection with SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) can induce systemic immunity. This study shows ocular infection in hamsters led to immunity without severe disease, preventing subsequent respiratory infection.

Keywords:
MALTSARS-CoV-2SARS-CoV-2 conjunctivitisconjunctivaimmunizationmucosa

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Infectious diseases of the conjunctiva and cornea typically induce local and systemic immunity.
  • Case reports suggest SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) conjunctivitis may confer systemic immunity, potentially offering a novel immunization route.
  • This study investigates the immunogenicity of ocular SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if ocular infection with SARS-CoV-2 can induce systemic immunity in a hamster model.
  • To assess the protective effect of ocular SARS-CoV-2 infection against subsequent respiratory challenge.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-four Syrian hamsters were divided into three groups: ocular SARS-CoV-2 infection (n=8), respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection (n=8), and control (n=8).
  • Animals were monitored for disease symptoms and weight changes.
  • After two weeks, all animals were challenged via the respiratory tract to assess immunity.

Main Results:

  • Ocularly infected hamsters showed minimal symptoms and only slight weight reduction, unlike the respiratory-infected group which experienced significant weight loss and lethargy.
  • Following respiratory challenge, neither the ocularly nor the respiratory-infected groups showed signs of illness.
  • Cytotoxic antibodies were detected in both infected groups, with higher titers in the ocularly infected animals.

Conclusions:

  • Epi-ocular infection with SARS-CoV-2 induces systemic immunity with cytotoxic antibody formation without causing severe systemic illness.
  • Ocular SARS-CoV-2 infection can protect against subsequent respiratory infection, suggesting a potential alternative immunization strategy.