Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Viruses with RNA Genomes

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...

Introduction to Virus

Introduction to Virus

Viruses are unique biological entities that blur the boundary between living and non-living systems. Although they lack cellular structure and metabolic processes, they can exhibit characteristics of life when infecting a host. Their defining feature is a nucleic acid core, composed of either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protein coat called a capsid. This simple structure allows them to invade host cells and use their machinery for replication efficiently.Viral Structure and...

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...

What are Viruses?

What are Viruses?

Retroviruses

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Optimizing HIV-1 Genotypic Resistance Testing for Low- and Middle-Income Countries: High-Impact HIV-1 Mutations Across WHO-Defined Scenarios.

Viruses·2026

Same author

Attitudes, Motivation, and Predictors of Influenza Vaccination Uptake Among Primary Healthcare Professionals in Greece.

Vaccines·2026

Same author

Taxonomic and functional diversity of the microbiome associated with the freshwater sponge Metania sp. (Haplosclerida: Metaniidae) from the Brazilian Cerrado, a metagenomic approach.

BMC microbiology·2026

Same author

Hippo pathway activation drives fibrogenic remodelling in influenza A virus-infected lung fibroblasts.

ERJ open research·2026

Same author

Monitoring viral evolution and epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 during 2022-2023 using Integrated Genomic Surveillance.

Communications medicine·2026

Same author

Viral non-coding RNA structure annotation and API-based data retrieval with Rfam and R2DT.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Validating Whole Genome Nanopore Sequencing, using Usutu Virus as an Example

Validating Whole Genome Nanopore Sequencing, using Usutu Virus as an Example

Published on: March 11, 2020

Women in the European Virus Bioinformatics Center.

Franziska Hufsky^1,2, Ana Abecasis^1,3, Patricia Agudelo-Romero^1,4

¹European Virus Bioinformatics Center, 07743 Jena, Germany.

|July 27, 2022

Summary

New bioinformatics tools and the European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC) advance virus research. The EVBC also addresses the persistent gender gap in science by highlighting women in virology and bioinformatics.

Keywords:

big data emerging viruses epidemiology networking transcriptomics viral ecology viral infection virus bioinformatics virus discovery virus evolution

More Related Videos

Open-source Single-particle Analysis for Super-resolution Microscopy with VirusMapper

Open-source Single-particle Analysis for Super-resolution Microscopy with VirusMapper

Published on: April 9, 2017

Modeling The Lifecycle Of Ebola Virus Under Biosafety Level 2 Conditions With Virus-like Particles Containing Tetracistronic Minigenomes

Modeling The Lifecycle Of Ebola Virus Under Biosafety Level 2 Conditions With Virus-like Particles Containing Tetracistronic Minigenomes

Published on: September 27, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Validating Whole Genome Nanopore Sequencing, using Usutu Virus as an Example

Validating Whole Genome Nanopore Sequencing, using Usutu Virus as an Example

Published on: March 11, 2020

Open-source Single-particle Analysis for Super-resolution Microscopy with VirusMapper

Open-source Single-particle Analysis for Super-resolution Microscopy with VirusMapper

Published on: April 9, 2017

Modeling The Lifecycle Of Ebola Virus Under Biosafety Level 2 Conditions With Virus-like Particles Containing Tetracistronic Minigenomes

Modeling The Lifecycle Of Ebola Virus Under Biosafety Level 2 Conditions With Virus-like Particles Containing Tetracistronic Minigenomes

Published on: September 27, 2014

Area of Science:

Virology
Bioinformatics
Computational Biology

Background:

Viruses significantly impact human, animal, and plant health, and regulate ecosystems.
Advancements in sequencing and big data analytics offer new opportunities in virology research.
There is a critical need for specialized bioinformatics tools for virus research.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce the European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC) as a collaborative network.
To highlight the importance of addressing the gender gap in scientific research, particularly in computer science-related fields.
To showcase the work of the EVBC and celebrate achievements of women in virology and viral bioinformatics.

Main Methods:

Formation of a collaborative network (EVBC) of virology and bioinformatics experts.
Emphasis on fostering an inclusive research environment.
Showcasing the contributions of female scientists in the field.

Main Results:

Established the European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC) for interdisciplinary collaboration.
Identified the persistence of the gender gap in science, especially in math-intensive areas.
Highlighted the achievements of outstanding women in virology and viral bioinformatics.

Conclusions:

The EVBC is a crucial initiative for advancing virus research through collaboration.
Addressing the gender gap by promoting role models and leadership opportunities for women is essential for scientific progress.
Recognizing and promoting the work of female scientists is key to fostering diversity and inclusion in STEM fields.