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Celiac Disease Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

Maryam B Haider1, Paul Naylor2, Avijit Das1

  • 1Internal Medicine, Detroit Medical Center/Wayne State University Sinai-Grace Hospital, Detroit, USA.

Cureus
|July 27, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Celiac disease (CD) patients have increased risks for coronary artery disease (CAD), particularly males and those with hyperlipidemia or type 2 diabetes. Iron deficiency anemia is also a significant CAD risk factor in CD patients.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Coronary artery disease (CAD) association with celiac disease (CD) is recognized, but shared risk factors remain poorly understood.
  • Established CAD risk factors include hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and tobacco use.
  • Limited literature exists on specific risk factors linking CD and CAD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify demographic differences between CD patients with and without CAD.
  • To analyze CAD risk factors within the CD patient population.
  • To compare CAD risks in CD patients versus matched non-CD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Nationwide retrospective case-control study utilizing the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database (2016-2018).
  • Identified patients with a diagnosis of CD and analyzed sociodemographic and clinical risk factors for CAD.
  • Compared CD patients with CAD (CD-CAD) to a matched cohort of non-CD patients with CAD.

Main Results:

  • Of 23,441 CD hospitalizations, 18% had CAD. Key risk factors in CD patients included hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and family history of CAD; tobacco use was not significant.
  • Female CD patients had 55% lower odds of CAD. Hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes significantly increased CAD odds in CD patients.
  • CD-CAD patients showed higher prevalence of iron deficiency anemia compared to non-CD CAD patients.

Conclusions:

  • Males and White individuals are at higher CAD risk within the CD population, similar to the general population.
  • CD patients with CAD exhibit a higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia and benefit from early CAD diagnosis in type 1 diabetes cases.
  • Iron deficiency anemia is identified as a statistically significant risk factor for CAD in patients with celiac disease.

Keywords:
celiac diseasecoronary artery diseasehyperlipidemiahypertensioniron deficiency anemiaobesitytype 1 diabetestype 2 diabetes

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