Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 3, 2025
Preparation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Homogenates for Nitrate and Nitrite Measurements
Published on: July 29, 2021
The effects of nitrate ingestion on high-intensity endurance time-trial performance: A systematic review and
Tak Hiong Wong1, Alexiaa Sim1, Stephen F Burns1
1Physical Education and Sports Science, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, 637616, Singapore.
Background/Objective:
Dietary nitrate ingestion extends endurance capacity, but data supporting endurance time-trial performance are unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the evidence for dietary nitrate supplementation to improve high-intensity endurance time-trial performance over 5-30 min on the premise that nitrate may alleviate peripheral fatigue over shorter durations.
Methods:
A systematic literature search and data extraction was carried out following PRISMA guidelines and the PICOS framework within five databases: PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Scopus and SPORTDiscus. Search terms used were: (nitrate OR nitrite OR beetroot) AND (high intensity OR all out) AND (time trial or total work done) AND performance.
Results:
Twenty-four studies were included. Fifteen studies applied an acute supplementation strategy (4.1 mmol-15.2 mmol serving on one day), eight chronic supplementation (4.0 mmol-13.0 mmol per day over 3-15 days), and one applied both acute and chronic supplementation (8.0 mmol on one day and over 15 days). Standardised mean difference for time-trial ranging from 5 to 30 min showed an overall trivial effect in favour of nitrate (Hedges'g = 0.15, 95% CI -0.00 to 0.31, Z = 1.95, p = 0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed a small, borderline effect in favour of chronic nitrate intervention (Hedges'g = 0.30, 95% CI -0.00 to 0.59, Z = 1.94, p = 0.05), and a non-significant effect for acute nitrate intervention (Hedges'g = 0.10, 95% CI -0.08 to 0.28, Z = 1.11, p = 0.27).
Conclusion:
Chronic nitrate supplementation improves time-trial performance ranging from 5 to 30 min.
More Related Videos
07:40Impact of High-intensity Interval Exercise and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on the Cardiac Troponin T Level at an Early Stage of Training
Published on: October 10, 2019
10:00Supramaximal Intensity Hypoxic Exercise and Vascular Function Assessment in Mice
Published on: March 15, 2019
Related Concept Videos
01:16Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers
Organic nitrates, such as nitroglycerin, play a pivotal role. Once metabolized, they liberate nitric oxide, a molecular marvel. Nitric oxide triggers guanylyl cyclase and augments cGMP production. This biochemical cascade orchestrates the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, ushering in vasodilation and enhancing coronary blood flow....
01:28Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway
01:20Exercise and Cardiovascular Response
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
01:202° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2
01:27Exercise and Muscle Performance
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...