The Role of PIM Kinases in Pediatric Solid Tumors

Janet Rae Julson1, Raoud Marayati1, Elizabeth Ann Beierle1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.

Cancers
|July 27, 2022
PubMed

Insights

PIM kinases are crucial in various cancers. This review details their function in pediatric cancers and summarizes current drug therapies and clinical trials targeting these enzymes.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • PIM kinases are serine/threonine kinases implicated in cell survival, proliferation, and drug resistance.
  • Dysregulation of PIM kinase signaling is observed in various human malignancies.
  • Their specific role in pediatric cancers warrants detailed investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of PIM kinases.
  • To elucidate the role of PIM kinases in pediatric carcinogenesis.
  • To summarize current therapeutic strategies targeting PIM kinases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on PIM kinases.
  • Analysis of PIM kinase structure, expression, activity, and regulation.
  • Summary of preclinical and clinical data on PIM kinase inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • PIM kinases (PIM1, PIM2, PIM3) play significant roles in cell cycle progression and apoptosis evasion.
  • Aberrant PIM kinase activity is linked to the development and progression of several pediatric cancers.
  • Several pharmaceutical agents targeting PIM kinases are under investigation, with some in clinical trials.

Conclusions:

  • PIM kinases represent promising therapeutic targets for pediatric malignancies.
  • Targeting PIM kinases may offer novel treatment strategies for children with cancer.
  • Further research is needed to optimize PIM kinase-targeted therapies.

Related Concept Videos

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
6.4K
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
4.6K
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
3.9K
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a...
3.9K
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
9.2K
Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
8.7K