Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Altered States of Awareness01:06

Altered States of Awareness

374
Altered states of consciousness represent significant deviations from one's normal mental state. These deviations can range from subtle changes in awareness to profound transformations in perception, thought processes, and sensory experiences. Altered states of consciousness can be triggered by various factors, including drug use, meditation, hypnosis, illness, or even intense fatigue.
The ingestion of substances like stimulants or hallucinogens leads to chemical alterations in the brain...
374
The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison02:57

The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison

50.9K
According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
50.9K
The Scientific Method02:40

The Scientific Method

61.3K
Research is what makes the difference between facts and opinions. Facts are observable realities, and opinions are personal judgments, conclusions, or attitudes that may or may not be accurate. In the scientific community, facts can be established only using evidence collected through empirical research.
61.3K
Self-Schemas02:16

Self-Schemas

32.0K
In general, a schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
32.0K
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

5.3K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
5.3K
Trait and State Self-Esteem02:08

Trait and State Self-Esteem

10.9K
The term self-esteem is often used generically, to refer to how people feel about themselves. However, according to research, there are three distinct constructs that should not be used interchangeably (Brown & Marshall, 2006). 
10.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Discharge management in Germany: A scoping review].

Zeitschrift fur Evidenz, Fortbildung und Qualitat im Gesundheitswesen·2026
Same author

The micro-phenomenology of Floatation-REST.

BMC complementary medicine and therapies·2026
Same author

Virtual Reality Interventions for Stress Reduction in the General Population: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Journal of medical Internet research·2026
Same author

Tracking Flow in Real Time: Continuous Measurement of Game-Induced Flow in Virtual Reality.

Psychophysiology·2026
Same author

Retraction notice to "Treatment effects in pharmacological clinical randomized controlled trials are mainly due to placebo" [journal of clinical epidemiology 179 (2025) 111658].

Journal of clinical epidemiology·2026
Same author

["It has become clearer where it is unsteady, where it is stable" - Lessons to learn from the restrictions of the therapeutic environment in the Covid-19-pandemic for in-patient psychotherapy].

Psychiatrische Praxis·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Combining Behavior and EEG to Study the Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Episodic Memory
08:16

Combining Behavior and EEG to Study the Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Episodic Memory

Published on: May 11, 2020

7.7K

Changes in Subjective Time and Self during Meditation.

Damisela Linares Gutiérrez1,2, Stefan Schmidt1,3, Karin Meissner4

  • 1Institute of Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, 79098 Freiburg, Germany.

Biology
|July 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Experienced meditators reported altered time perception and a diminished sense of self during meditation. This study quantifies changes in present-moment awareness, time, and self-awareness during meditation.

Keywords:
meditationpresent-moment awarenesssense of selftime perception

More Related Videos

Using Wavelet Entropy to Demonstrate how Mindfulness Practice Increases Coordination between Irregular Cerebral and Cardiac Activities
08:08

Using Wavelet Entropy to Demonstrate how Mindfulness Practice Increases Coordination between Irregular Cerebral and Cardiac Activities

Published on: May 10, 2017

14.8K
Observing the Transformation of Bodily Self-consciousness in the Squeeze-machine Experiment
07:20

Observing the Transformation of Bodily Self-consciousness in the Squeeze-machine Experiment

Published on: March 8, 2019

13.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Combining Behavior and EEG to Study the Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Episodic Memory
08:16

Combining Behavior and EEG to Study the Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Episodic Memory

Published on: May 11, 2020

7.7K
Using Wavelet Entropy to Demonstrate how Mindfulness Practice Increases Coordination between Irregular Cerebral and Cardiac Activities
08:08

Using Wavelet Entropy to Demonstrate how Mindfulness Practice Increases Coordination between Irregular Cerebral and Cardiac Activities

Published on: May 10, 2017

14.8K
Observing the Transformation of Bodily Self-consciousness in the Squeeze-machine Experiment
07:20

Observing the Transformation of Bodily Self-consciousness in the Squeeze-machine Experiment

Published on: March 8, 2019

13.7K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Mind-Body Medicine

Background:

  • Meditation is increasingly studied for its effects on cognitive and affective processes.
  • Experienced meditators offer unique insights into sustained meditative states.
  • Understanding alterations in time perception and self-awareness is crucial for characterizing meditative experiences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of meditation on present-moment awareness, subjective time, and self-awareness in experienced practitioners.
  • To assess physiological changes, specifically heart-rate variability and breathing rate, during meditation.
  • To compare meditation-induced changes with a control activity (reading).

Main Methods:

  • A within-subject design was employed with 22 experienced meditators.
  • Participants completed subjective scales for time and self-awareness and a metronome task before and after meditation and reading sessions.
  • Physiological measures included heart-rate variability and breathing rate.

Main Results:

  • Meditation led to prolonged breathing intervals and a mixed pattern of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system activity.
  • Participants reported less salient body boundaries and a subjective experience of time passing more quickly during meditation.
  • No significant differences were observed in the metronome task between meditation and reading conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Meditation significantly alters the subjective experience of time and the sense of the bodily self.
  • Physiological changes during meditation reflect both sympathetic and parasympathetic engagement.
  • This study provides quantitative evidence for the profound effects of meditation on core aspects of conscious experience.