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Malocclusions in Pediatric Patients with Asthma: A Case-Control Study
Jocelyn Castañeda-Zetina1, Martha Gabriela Chuc-Gamboa1, Fernando Javier Aguilar-Pérez1
1Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Yucatán, Calle 61-A No. 492-A, Mérida 97000, Mexico.
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 27, 2022
Summary
Asthma is linked to dental malocclusions in children. Asthmatic children show higher rates of sagittal, vertical, and transverse plane alterations, often due to mouth breathing.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Dentistry
- Respiratory Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Asthma is a prevalent respiratory condition with significant public health implications.
- The relationship between asthma and dental occlusion alterations remains under-researched.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate and compare dental occlusion abnormalities in children with and without asthma.
- To identify specific types of malocclusions associated with childhood asthma.
Main Methods:
- A comparative study involving 186 children aged 5-12 years, divided into asthmatic and non-asthmatic groups.
- Asthma diagnosis confirmed using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire.
- Clinical examination assessed occlusal alterations in sagittal, transverse, and vertical planes; oral habits were also recorded.
- Statistical analysis employed chi-squared tests to compare variables between groups.
Main Results:
- Significant associations were found between asthma and alterations in all three planes of occlusion (sagittal, vertical, transverse).
- Asthmatic children exhibited a higher prevalence of malocclusions, including anterior open bite and posterior crossbite.
- Oral habits were significantly more prevalent in the asthmatic group.
Conclusions:
- Childhood asthma is significantly associated with increased risk of developing dental malocclusions.
- Mouth breathing, a common characteristic of asthma, likely contributes to the observed occlusal alterations.
- Early dental monitoring is recommended for children with asthma to manage potential malocclusions.
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