HPV-Vaccine Hesitancy in Colombia: A Mixed-Methods Study

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Behavioral Science
• Vaccinology

Background:

• The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake in Colombia significantly decreased from 96.7% in 2013 to 9% in 2020.
• Understanding the drivers of HPV vaccine hesitancy is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify behavioral factors contributing to HPV vaccine hesitancy in adolescent females and their families in Colombia.
• To explore these factors using an integrated model of behavior change, the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model, in the context of COVID-19.

Main Methods:

• A convergent mixed-methods study was employed.
• Data collection included an online questionnaire (196 parents/caregivers) and focus groups (50 girls and 13 parents/caregivers).

Main Results:

• COVID-19 impacted awareness of HPV and its vaccination.
• Key factors linked to hesitancy include lack of information, safety concerns, and perceived links between HPV and sexuality.
• Trust in medical advice and emphasizing cervical cancer prevention can boost vaccine acceptance.

Conclusions:

• Addressing misinformation and enhancing trust are vital for HPV vaccine programs.
• The COM-B model provides a useful framework for understanding and intervening in vaccine hesitancy.
• Targeted communication strategies focusing on safety and disease prevention are recommended.