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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Use of Principal Components for Scaling Up Topographic Models to Map Soil Redistribution and Soil Organic Carbon

Use of Principal Components for Scaling Up Topographic Models to Map Soil Redistribution and Soil Organic Carbon

Published on: October 16, 2018

Exploring Soil Pollution Patterns Using Self-Organizing Maps.

Ilaria Guagliardi¹, Aleksander Maria Astel², Domenico Cicchella³

¹National Research Council of Italy-Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Cavour 4/6, 87036 Rende, Italy.

|July 27, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Bedrock geochemistry primarily controls soil elemental concentrations, with urban anthropogenic factors having a lesser impact. This study analyzed soil elements in Cosenza and Rende, Italy, to understand sources and soil quality.

Keywords:

Calabria contamination multidimensional spatial analysis potentially harmful elements soil

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Area of Science:

Geochemistry
Environmental Science
Soil Science

Background:

Bedrock geochemistry is the primary determinant of soil elemental concentrations.
Anthropogenic factors, particularly in urban areas, can influence soil composition and pose risks to food chains.
Understanding elemental sources is crucial for assessing soil quality and environmental health.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze topsoil elemental concentrations in Cosenza and Rende, southern Italy.
To discriminate between natural geochemical sources and anthropogenic inputs affecting soil composition.
To define the soil quality status based on elemental associations.

Main Methods:

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to analyze 25 elements in topsoil samples.
Statistical and geostatistical methods were applied for monitoring elemental concentrations.
The Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) algorithm was employed for unsupervised classification of elemental data.

Main Results:

Seven distinct clusters of elemental associations were identified in the topsoil.
Elemental associations were predominantly controlled by parent material and soil-forming processes.
Specific elemental clusters showed evidence of anthropogenic influence, particularly in urban-influenced areas.

Conclusions:

Geochemical bedrock composition is the main driver of soil elemental patterns.
While natural factors dominate, localized anthropogenic inputs can modify soil elemental concentrations.
The study provides insights into soil quality and potential environmental risks in the surveyed urban and peri-urban areas.