Kinematic differences between uphill roller skiing and on-snow skiing using the V2 skating technique.

Area of Science:

• Biomechanics
• Sports Science
• Exercise Physiology

Background:

• Roller skiing is a crucial training method for cross-country skiers, biathletes, and Nordic combined athletes.
• The V2 sub-technique is commonly used in both roller skiing and on-snow skiing.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the kinematics of uphill roller skiing with on-snow skiing using the V2 sub-technique.
• To identify kinematic differences between roller skiing and on-snow skiing.

Main Methods:

• A cross-over design study involving nine well-trained male skiers.
• Kinematic data collected using an inertial measurement unit system.
• Trials conducted on asphalt, treadmill, and snow surfaces under controlled conditions.

Main Results:

• No significant kinematic differences were found between treadmill and asphalt roller skiing.
• On-snow skiing showed moderate to good reliability for ground-contact temporal variables.
• On-snow skiing resulted in increased hip range of motion, lateral hip displacement, and pole push times compared to roller skiing.

Conclusions:

• V2 roller ski skating largely simulates on-snow skiing but with altered hip movements and pole push times.
• Equipment optimization could improve training specificity.
• Further research is needed on snow hardness effects on kinematics across all sub-techniques.