Updates on Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children in Japan

Yuta Aizawa1, Sayaka Takanashi2, Chikara Ogimi3

  • 1From the Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.

Insights

This review summarizes COVID-19 in Japanese children, noting favorable outcomes despite variant changes. Improving vaccination rates, especially for younger children, requires further action.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted children globally, with varying clinical outcomes.
  • Japan experienced six waves of COVID-19 by March 2022, with evolving clinical features in pediatric cases.
  • Understanding pediatric COVID-19 trends in Japan is crucial for public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize published data on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children in Japan.
  • To analyze the changes in clinical features of pediatric COVID-19 based on predominant variants.
  • To assess the clinical outcomes and vaccination status of children in Japan during the pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of published data on pediatric COVID-19 in Japan.
  • Analysis of clinical features in relation to COVID-19 variants.
  • Comparison of outcomes with European countries and the United States.
  • Evaluation of COVID-19 vaccine uptake in different pediatric age groups.

Main Results:

  • Clinical features of pediatric COVID-19 in Japan have evolved with different variants.
  • Favorable clinical outcomes in Japanese children compared to some Western countries, potentially due to lower rates of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and obesity.
  • COVID-19 vaccination is available for children, but uptake in the 5-11 age group is low.
  • The government's passive approach has contributed to lower vaccination rates in younger children.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric COVID-19 outcomes in Japan have been relatively favorable.
  • Targeted strategies are needed to increase COVID-19 vaccination rates in children, particularly those aged 5-11.
  • Continued monitoring and research are essential for managing pediatric COVID-19.

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