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A device-independent quantum key distribution system for distant users.

Wei Zhang1,2, Tim van Leent1,2, Kai Redeker1,2

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Device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) allows secure key generation even with untrusted devices. This study demonstrates DIQKD between distant users using entangled atoms, achieving a high violation of Bell

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Quantum Cryptography
  • Experimental Quantum Physics

Background:

  • Device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) offers enhanced security by allowing key generation over untrusted channels with uncharacterized devices.
  • Security certification in DIQKD relies on Bell inequality tests, which verify device functionality and mitigate implementation loopholes.
  • Realizing DIQKD is challenging due to difficulties in establishing high-quality entanglement over long distances with sufficient detection efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally demonstrate device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) between two distant users.
  • To achieve secure key generation using uncharacterized and potentially untrusted quantum devices.
  • To pave the way for future quantum networks and ultimate quantum secure communications.

Main Methods:

  • Generation and analysis of event-ready entanglement between two independently trapped single rubidium atoms separated by 400 meters.
  • Implementation of a DIQKD protocol utilizing a random key basis.
  • Certification of device security through a Bell inequality test.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a high entanglement fidelity of [Formula: see text].
  • Observed a significant violation of a Bell inequality (S = 2.578(75)), exceeding the classical limit of 2.
  • Recorded a low quantum bit error rate of 0.078(9).
  • Demonstrated a secret key rate of 0.07 bits per entanglement generation event in the asymptotic limit.

Conclusions:

  • The experimental system successfully enables device-independent quantum key distribution between distant users.
  • The results validate the use of entangled atoms for secure key exchange with untrusted devices.
  • This work represents a significant step towards practical DIQKD and the development of future quantum networks.