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Telomere Length and Hearing Loss: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization.

Yun Liu1, Shuangyan Liu2, Jiarui Xin1

  • 1School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310000, China.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|July 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study found no causal link between telomere length (TL) and hearing loss (HL) or its subtypes. Mendelian randomization analysis confirmed that genetically predicted TL does not increase the risk of developing hearing problems.

Keywords:
Mendelian randomizationage-related hearing losscausal effecthearing lossnoise-induced hearing losstelomere length

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Epidemiology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Observational studies suggest a link between telomere length (TL) and hearing loss (HL).
  • Inferring causality from observational data is challenging due to confounding, reverse causation, and bias.
  • Mendelian randomization (MR) offers a robust method to investigate causal relationships.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the causal relationship between genetically predicted telomere length (TL) and the risk of hearing loss (HL).
  • To differentiate the association of TL with age-related hearing loss (ARHL) and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.
  • Employed 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with TL as instrumental variables.
  • Analyzed summary-level data from large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for HL, ARHL, and NIHL using five MR methods.

Main Results:

  • No causal association was detected between genetically predicted TL and overall HL (OR = 1.216, p = 0.382).
  • No causal link was found for age-related hearing loss (ARHL) (OR = 0.934, p = 0.928) or noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) (OR = 1.003, p = 0.776).
  • Sensitivity analyses, including pleiotropy and heterogeneity tests, supported the robustness of these findings.

Conclusions:

  • This study found no evidence of a causal relationship between shorter telomere length (TL) and an increased risk of hearing loss (HL) or its subtypes.
  • The findings suggest that TL may not be a causal factor in the development of hearing impairment.