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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Joints Depending on the Process Used
Dawid Stanisz1,2, Tomasz Machniewicz3, Sławomir Parzych1
1Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland.
Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 28, 2022
Summary
Manual laser welding and butt welding offer superior joining of thin-walled steel sheets, resulting in refined grain structures and minimal heat-affected zones compared to traditional methods like MAG welding. These advanced techniques minimize defects and improve weld quality for demanding applications.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Manufacturing Engineering
- Welding Technology
Background:
- Traditional welding methods (e.g., MAG 135/138) struggle with thin-walled sheets due to excessive heat input, causing deformations and defects.
- Aesthetic quality of joints is increasingly critical in modern manufacturing.
- Need for comparative analysis of different joining technologies for thin-walled steel sheets.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the properties of 1.5 mm thick steel sheets joined by various methods.
- To evaluate macrostructure, microstructure, microhardness, and mechanical properties of different weld joints.
- To identify optimal joining technologies for thin-walled steel applications.
Main Methods:
- Comparative analysis of manual/robotic MAG 135/138, manual/robotic laser welding, CMT welding (solid/flux-cored wire), and butt welding.
- Metallographic examination (macro- and microstructure).
- Microhardness testing and digital image correlation for mechanical properties.
Main Results:
- Manual laser welding and butt welding produced welds with regular shape, minimal width, and enhanced grain refinement.
- These methods exhibited the narrowest hardness increase zone (3 mm) compared to CMT welding.
- Heat-affected zones were significantly smaller (2x and 2.7x) than those from MAG 135/138 welding.
Conclusions:
- Manual laser welding and butt welding are superior for joining thin-walled steel sheets, offering better weld quality and reduced thermal impact.
- These methods minimize defects, improve aesthetics, and reduce the extent of microstructural changes.
- Findings provide valuable insights for selecting appropriate joining technologies in manufacturing.
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