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Related Concept Videos

Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

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When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Toxicity Screens in Human Retinal Organoids for Pharmaceutical Discovery
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Retinal Toxicity Induced by Chemical Agents.

Daniel Souza Monteiro de Araújo1, Rafael Brito2, Danniel Pereira-Figueiredo3

  • 1Department of Health Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Environmental and medicinal agents can harm the retina, impacting vision. This review highlights risks from pesticides, natural products, and drugs, urging the development of safer alternatives for retinal health.

Keywords:
cell deathmedicinalmedicinal herbsnatural productsneurotoxicitypesticidesretina

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Toxicology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The retina, crucial for vision, processes light and visual information.
  • Retinal cell dysfunction severely impacts visual ability and daily life.
  • The blood-retinal barrier protects the retina but can be compromised by systemic agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent information on retinal hazards posed by various agents.
  • To consolidate knowledge on how pesticides, natural products, and medicines affect retinal function and survival.
  • To encourage research into safer alternatives for maintaining retinal health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific information.
  • Analysis of systemic agents reaching the retina.
  • Examination of toxic effects on retinal cells and function.

Main Results:

  • Pesticides, natural products, and pharmaceuticals can reach and negatively impact the retina.
  • These agents pose a significant hazard to retinal cells and visual function.
  • Understanding these risks is vital for developing safer therapeutic and agricultural agents.

Conclusions:

  • Various external agents present risks to retinal health.
  • Further research is needed to identify and develop less harmful alternatives.
  • Protecting vision requires careful consideration of the impact of systemic exposures on the retina.