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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

120.8K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
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Phosphate Buffer01:22

Phosphate Buffer

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The phosphate buffer system is a critical biological mechanism for maintaining pH stability in the body. This system operates primarily through two components: sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4), which acts as a weak acid, and sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4), which serves as a weak base.
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Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

42.2K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
42.2K
Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

24.0K
Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
24.0K

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Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

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Novel Phosphonium-Based Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for Battery Applications.

Andreas Hofmann1, Daniel Rauber2, Tzu-Ming Wang1

  • 1Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phosphonium ionic liquids with bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anions were synthesized and tested. [P1114][TFSI] showed high stability and good flow, making it promising for lithium-ion cells.

Keywords:
batterieselectrochemistryionic liquidphosphonium

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Ionic liquids (ILs) are salts with low melting points, offering tunable properties for various applications.
  • Phosphonium-based ILs are of interest due to their potential for high thermal and electrochemical stability.
  • Understanding structure-property relationships is crucial for designing advanced electrolytes for energy storage devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically synthesize and characterize phosphonium-based ionic liquids with bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([TFSI]⁻) and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ([FSI]⁻) counter-ions.
  • To investigate the influence of cation structure (alkyl and ether side chains) and counter-ion on physicochemical and electrochemical properties.
  • To evaluate the performance of these ILs and their lithium salt mixtures in Li-ion cells.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of trimethyl-based phosphonium ionic liquids with varying alkyl/ether side chains.
  • Comprehensive characterization including density, viscosity, alkali metal compatibility, oxidative stability, and aluminum corrosivity.
  • Electrochemical testing in Li-ion cell configurations with [Li][TFSI] or [Li][FSI] salt additions.

Main Results:

  • The physicochemical and electrochemical properties were correlated with the side chain length, counter-ion type, and presence of lithium salts.
  • Phosphonium IL [P1114][TFSI] exhibited high thermal and oxidative stability.
  • The mixture [P1114][TFSI] + [Li][TFSI] demonstrated favorable flow characteristics, indicating potential for improved electrolyte performance.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates structure-property and structure-activity relationships in phosphonium-based ionic liquids.
  • The phosphonium IL [P1114][TFSI] and its lithium salt mixture show promise as electrolytes for advanced Li-ion batteries.
  • Further research can focus on optimizing these ILs for enhanced battery performance and safety.