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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Understanding serum lipids is crucial for maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing heart disease and stroke.
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Lipids: Dietary Sources and Requirements01:18

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Lipids are an essential component of a balanced human diet. Triglycerides, which make up the majority of dietary lipids, are found in both saturated fats—commonly present in meat, dairy products, and certain tropical plants like coconut, and hydrogenated oils such as margarine and baking shortenings (trans fats)—and unsaturated fats, which are abundant in seeds, nuts, olive oil, and most vegetable oils. The main sources of cholesterol include egg yolks, various meats and organ...
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Although not a source of energy, cholesterol plays a significant role as a foundational structure for bile salts, steroid hormones, and vitamin D, as well as being a crucial component of plasma membranes. Approximately 15% of blood cholesterol is derived from our diet, with the remainder synthesized from acetyl CoA by the liver and intestines. Cholesterol is eliminated from the body through its conversion into bile salts, which are eventually discarded in the feces.
Considering cholesterol and...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
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The Association Between Circulating Trans Fatty Acids and Thyroid Function Measures in U.S. Adults.

Xiaoqian Wang1, Fengjuan Jiang1, Wenqing Chen1

  • 1Department of Clinical Nutrition, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|July 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Trans fatty acids (TFAs) exposure is linked to altered thyroid function biomarkers in U.S. adults. Further research is needed to understand the long-term health implications of these associations.

Keywords:
NHANESTSHhomeostasisthyroid hormonetrans fatty acids

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Nutritional Science
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Conflicting evidence exists on trans fatty acids (TFAs) and thyroid function from animal studies.
  • Epidemiological data on TFAs and thyroid function in humans are scarce.
  • This study investigates the association between circulating TFAs and thyroid function biomarkers in a U.S. adult population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between specific circulating trans fatty acids (TFAs) and key thyroid function biomarkers.
  • To assess potential associations in a representative sample of U.S. adults.
  • To contribute epidemiological evidence to the understanding of TFAs' impact on thyroid health.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of 626 U.S. adults from the NHANES 2009-2010 dataset.
  • Measurement of circulating concentrations of palmitelaidic acid, vaccenic acid, elaidic acid, and linoelaidic acid.
  • Application of multivariable linear regression models to assess associations with thyroid function measures (TT4, TT3, TSH, FT4, FT3).

Main Results:

  • Positive associations were observed between certain TFAs (palmitelaidic, elaidic, linolelaidic acids) and thyroid hormones (TT4, TT3, FT3, TSH).
  • Negative associations were found between linolelaidic acid and free thyroxine (FT4).
  • Significant associations were noted for FT3/FT4 and FT4/TT4 ratios, with some sex-specific differences.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating trans fatty acids (TFAs) are associated with alterations in serum thyroid function biomarkers.
  • These findings highlight a potential link between TFA exposure and thyroid function in adults.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the long-term health consequences of these observed associations.