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Mesalamine-Mediated Amelioration of Experimental Colitis in Piglets Involves Gut Microbiota Modulation and Intestinal

Yonggang Huang1, Miaomiao Wu1, Hao Xiao2

  • 1Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|July 28, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Mesalamine (MES) treatment alleviates ulcerative colitis (UC) in piglets by improving gut health and reducing inflammation. This study shows MES impacts intestinal microbiota and immune cell activity, offering new insights into UC treatment mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Mesalamine (5-aminosalicylic acid) is a primary treatment for mild to moderate UC.
  • The precise mechanisms of mesalamine's action, particularly its effects on the gut microbiome and immune system, require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the therapeutic effects of mesalamine (MES) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in a piglet model.
  • To examine the impact of MES treatment on intestinal microbiota composition and immune cell infiltration in the colon.

Main Methods:

  • A DSS-induced UC model was established in postweaning piglets.
  • Piglets were randomly assigned to control, DSS, or MES (DSS + MES) treatment groups.
  • Evaluated outcomes included clinical signs (diarrhea index, weight gain), biochemical markers (diamine oxidase, D-lactate), histological damage, microbial abundance (Methanogens), and immune cell populations (CD11b+ macrophages, CD3+ T-cells).

Main Results:

  • MES treatment significantly reduced diarrhea index scores and increased average daily gain in piglets with DSS-induced colitis.
  • MES administration led to decreased diamine oxidase activity and D-lactate levels, indicating improved intestinal barrier function.
  • MES treatment attenuated colonic mucosal damage, reduced the abundance of Methanogens, and decreased CD11b+ macrophage and CD3+ T-cell infiltrations in the colon.

Conclusions:

  • Mesalamine (MES) effectively alleviates DSS-induced colitis in piglets, improving clinical outcomes and intestinal barrier integrity.
  • MES-mediated protection against colitis appears to involve significant modulation of the intestinal microbiota and reduction of inflammatory immune cell infiltration.
  • These findings suggest that targeting both the gut microbiome and immune responses contributes to mesalamine's therapeutic efficacy in ulcerative colitis.
Keywords:
colitisgut microbiotaimmune cellsmesalaminepiglet

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